PDF watermarking overlays text or a mark to communicate source, status, recipient, or confidentiality. Position, rotation, opacity, and page range determine readability and interference. Avoid covering body text, signatures, barcodes, and information needed for accessible reading.
A watermark communicates rules but cannot technically prevent screenshots, cropping, or page reconstruction. Personalized recipient data can improve traceability but also writes personal information into the file and needs an appropriate retention and distribution policy.